Leveraging unlabelled data for generalizable neural population decoding

Engineering notes

Engineering notes will be added by the Robot Papers editorial team.

Chinese explanation / 中文解读

中文解读待补充：本站会优先为 VLA、具身智能、人形机器人控制、机器人操作等高价值论文补充中文说明。

Original abstract

Robust and accurate neural decoders are integral to neurotechnologies such as brain-computer interfaces and closed-loop experiments. Recent work has shown that tokenizing neural data at the spike level facilitates multi-session pretraining and delivers state-of-the-art decoding performance. However, current spike-based models are restricted to supervised learning (SL), limiting training to datasets with paired behavioural labels. To address this limitation, we introduce MOJO (Masked autOencoder-based JOint training), a training framework for spike-tokenizing models that jointly leverages self-supervised learning (SSL) via masked autoencoding and SL objectives. We evaluate MOJO on three spiking datasets spanning monkey motor cortex during reaching tasks and multi-regional mouse recordings during vision and decision making tasks, demonstrating superior performance over purely SL-trained models. This improvement is especially pronounced when training with limited labelled data, particularly in few-shot finetuning, where only a small amount of labelled data from a new session is available. Incorporating SSL also yields more interpretable neuronal representations, improving performance on brain region classification and spike-statistics prediction without explicit optimization for these tasks. We further show that MOJO generalizes beyond spiking data to human electrocorticography during speech, where it continues to outperform purely SL-trained models and achieves performance comparable to neuro-foundation models (NFMs) designed specifically for continuous signals. Overall, augmenting spike-tokenizing models with SSL improves performance in label-impoverished settings and enables the use of unlabelled data across various tasks and species, while generalizing to other neural modalities. These results suggest a path towards more flexible and scalable data usage when training NFMs.

Links and sources

• Official / arXiv page
• PDF from original source

Comments